Author:
Publication: The Daily Times
Date: June 22, 2004
URL: http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_19-6-2004_pg4_14
The numbers of Zoroastrian are declining
sharply in Iran. Centuries of persecution have forced many to flee to India,
where they are known as the Parsi
In the burning desert north of this
ancient Iranian city, the Islamic republic's last followers of the Zoroastrian
religion are making their annual pilgrimage to the temple of Chak-Chak.
"We are a species on the road to
extinction," laments Babak, a man in his sixties who came from Tehran with
his wife for the annual pilgrimage to one of the Zoroastrians' holiest
sites - the rocky peak of Chak-Chak..
The site is a 70-kilometer drive
from the central Iranian city of Yazd, the historical capital of what many
consider to be the world's first monotheistic religion.
From the foot of towering rocks,
pilgrims make their way up hundreds of steps to a cave to pray and drink
clear water from a spring.
Yazdgerd III was the last Sassanian
king, and last leader of the nation before Islam came as its official religion.
"He was arrested at the same time
as his first daughter. They were taken to Arabia. Nikbanou, his second
daughter, took refuge in the grotto to escape the invaders," Belivani explained.
"After she cried and prayed, the
mountain opened up and Nikbanou entered, and the mountain closed behind
her. Since then, pure water has been pouring, drop by drop, from these
rocks."
"It may just be folklore, but it
is undeniable that somebody important or a group of Zoroastrians took refuge
here," added Kasra Vafadari, a respected member of the community and a
teacher of history at the University of Nanterre, France. Furthermore,
scholars point out that the route was used in following centuries for Zoroastrians
fleeing Iran - or Persia as it was formerly known - to escape religious
persecution.n. Once inside the grotto, women shrouded in white cast off
their veils - obligatory in Islamic Iran - and drink tea and wine, which
is permitted for religious use by non-Muslims in the Islamic republic.c.
Along with Judaism and Christianity,
Zoroastrianism is a recognised - and therefore permitted - religion in
Iran, where officially 99 percent of the 66 million-strong population are
Muslims.s.
The religion was founded by Zarathustra
- known to the Greeks as Zoroaster - a Persian prophet who believed he
had seen visions of a God he called Ahura Mazda. Historians believe he
lived at least 600 years BC.C.
Zoroastrianism was also dualistic
- with God having an opponent, Aura Mainyu..
Zarathustra taught that humans are
free to choose between right and wrong, truth and lie, and light and dark,
and that their acts, words, and thoughts would affect their lives after
death.
Their keeping of a sacred fire in
their temples, symbolising light, led many to refer to them as "fire worshippers".
In a concession to their Persian
roots and in contrast to many Sunni Muslim scholars, the Shia regime here
recognises them as Kittabiyah - or people of the book and fellow monotheists
as opposed to Kufr, or infidels..
But their numbers are declining
sharply. Centuries of persecution have forced many to flee to India, where
they are known as the Parsi and number between 80,000 and 100,000.
Discrimination in Iran continues
today, for example in seeking employment in the state sector where Muslims
are preferred.
Certain practices have also been
outlawed. They no longer leave their dead on "towers of silence" to be
devoured by vultures and not pollute the earth. And ironically, the faith
has also fallen victims to its own laws, notably the strict laws limiting
their prospects of marriage to within their own community. "Before the
(1979 Islamic) revolution, there were more than 48,000 Zoroastrians. But
today there are maybe 22,000, even though the population of Iran has doubled,"
Vafadari said.
"People are leaving because they
have no future here." afp
